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Written by Mårten Björk •
This article will help you understand how to browse your files on a Mac. Don’t panic, it’s not very complicated.
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Understanding it
Your hard drive contains millions of files. Both your personal files such as documents, photos or music files, but also system files that your Mac needs to operate properly.
If all these files were in the same place, it would be very hard for you to find your stuff, right? It would be one gigantic pile of files. That’s why we have folders. You can think of a folder as a box in which you can put your stuff.
You can even put folders inside other folders. For instance, you could create a folder called “vacation photos” and put it inside a “memories” folder. Neat and tidy, just the way we like it.
Get started
Let’s get started browsing through your files. First, click the “Macintosh HD” icon on your desktop. A new window will appear.
This is called a Finder window. The Finder window allows you to explore the contents of your hard drive.
The Finder window – how it works
It’s quite easy to understand how to use a finder window. We’ll now explain the most basic things about it.
Resize it!
If you wish to resize a Finder window, just drag (keep mouse button pressed down) the handle in the lower right corner.
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Change viewing options
If you wish to change the way things are viewed inside a Finder window, there are a few buttons you should know about.
Inside your hard drive
The hard drive of a brand new Mac contains four folders (click Macintosh HD to view them):
Applications
The Applications folder contains all your applications.
Library and system
The two folders called Library and System are not very interesting for beginners. https://coolgload417.weebly.com/free-games-for-pc-windows-7-ultimate.html. They contain stuff that your Mac needs in order to work properly.
Users
The Users folder contains one folder for each user plus a Shared folder where the users can put stuff that they want all the users of the computer to have access to.
The folder associated with the user currently logged in (you) looks a bit different. Instead of looking like a folder, it looks like a house. This folder is called your Home folder.
Home folder
The Home folder is great. Every user on a Mac has one. It allows you to organize your stuff in a smart and easy way.
When you click your Home folder, you will see a lot of different folders. We’ll now explain what they do.
Desktop
Within your Home folder there is a folder called Desktop. Foodpocalypse mac os. It is an exact reflection of your real desktop. All files in that folder are visible on your real desktop.
Movies
Put your movies in this folder. What else needs to be said?
Public
If you want to share a file with another user, just put it in the Public folder and he/she can access it (your other folders can’t be accessed by other users).
Documents
Put your documents in this folder. Word documents, Excel documents, Pages documents – this is the right folder for them!
Music
This is the place where music will be put. However, when you start iTunes it will automatically create a sub-folder called “iTunes” in the Music folder. If you wish to add songs to iTunes, just drag them to the iTunes icon and they will automatically be organized into the iTunes folder.
Sites
https://free-for-fortune-wheel-depositreference-of-slots-zn.peatix.com. If you like to create web pages, put them here. Also, if you save web pages using your web browser, you might want to put them in the Sites folder.
Library
The Library folder is one of those geeky ones. The Library folder inside Macintosh HD contains stuff for the whole computer, while the Library folder inside your Home folder contains stuff unique for your user account. Well, never mind, you probably won’t need to touch this folder for a long time.
Pictures
This is the folder where you should put your images. If you use iPhoto in order to organize your photos, iPhoto will automatically create a folder called “iPhoto” inside your Pictures folder. If you wish to add images to iPhoto, just drag them to the iPhoto icon and they will automatically be organized into the iPhoto folder so you don’t have to do it yourself.
Search
Every Finder window has a search field. Just type something and your search will be performed.
To read more about it, read our article about Spotlight.
| Initial release | August 1983; 37 years ago |
|---|---|
| Operating system | Unix and Unix-like |
| Type | Command |
ifconfig (short for interface config) is a system administration utility in Unix-like operating systems for network interface configuration.
The utility is a command-line interface tool and is also used in the system startup scripts of many operating systems. It has features for configuring, controlling, and querying TCP/IP network interface parameters. Ifconfig originally appeared in 4.2BSD as part of the BSD TCP/IP suite.
Usage[edit]
Common uses for ifconfig include setting the IP address and netmask of a network interface and disabling or enabling an interface.[1] At boot time, many Unix-like operating systems initialize their network interfaces with shell scripts that call ifconfig. As an interactive tool, system administrators routinely use the utility to display and analyze network interface parameters. The following two examples show the output of the tool when querying the state of a single active interface each on a Linux-based host (interface eth0) and the ural0 interface on an OpenBSD installation.
- HWaddr: hardware address, MAC address.
- The parameter txqueuelen is measured in number of Ethernet frames and is the size of the buffer that is being managed by the network scheduler.
Medium access control functions[edit]
ifconfig is also commonly used to change the medium access control (MAC) address of an interface. In this process, the network interface is first disabled (set down) with the ifconfig command, followed by a MAC change command:
Release status[edit]
The Berkeley Software DistributionUNIX operating systems (e.g., NetBSD, OpenBSD, and FreeBSD) continue active development of ifconfig and extension of its functionality to cover the configuration of wireless networking interfaces, VLAN trunking, controlling hardware features such as TSO or hardware checksumming or setting up bridge and tunnel interfaces. Solaris has historically used ifconfig for all network interface configuration, but as of Solaris 10 introduced dladm to perform for each interface.
Network Manager is a Linux daemon that automatically reconfigures the network in dynamic environments, such as moving between WiFi hotspots. It is usually used in conjunction with a graphical front-end such as GNOME Shell.
Versions of Microsoft Windows from Windows 95 to Windows Me used winipcfg to give a graphical display of current IP information. ipconfig, a command similar to ifconfig, comes with Microsoftoperating-systems based on the Windows NTkernel. ipconfig also controls the Windows DHCPclient.
In macOS, the ifconfig command functions as a wrapper to the IPConfiguration agent, and can control the BootP and DHCP clients from the command-line. Use of ifconfig to modify network settings in Mac OS X is discouraged, because ifconfig operates below the level of the system frameworks which help manage network configuration. Adobe photoshop cs6 best buy.
iwconfig, a component of Wireless tools for Linux, which took its name from ifconfig, manages wireless network interfaces outside the original scope of Linux's ifconfig. iwconfig sets such specialized settings as a wireless network's SSID and WEP keys, and functions in tandem with iwlist. Linux also features iwspy, to read the signal, noise and quality of a wireless connection.
Other related tools for configuring Ethernet adapters are: ethtool, mii-tool, and mii-diag in Linux and the command dladm show-link in Solaris.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Interface Configuration for IP'. Linux Network Administrators Guide. 3 August 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^net-tools on SourceForge.net
- ^Gundersen, Tom (8 June 2011). 'News: Deprecation of net-tools'. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^Jonathan Corbet (4 January 2017). 'Moving on from net-tools'. LWN.net. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
- ^Litvak, Michail (6 March 2019). 'ip(8) manual page'. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
External links[edit]
- ifconfig(8), official manpage for Linux net-tools ifconfig
- ifconfig(8), manpage for the FreeBSD ifconfig
- ifconfig(8), manpage for the Solaris ifconfig
- ipconfig documentation for Windows