1. Phil Mcstowe
2. Phil Manos

A network operating system (NOS) is a specialized operating system for a network device such as a router, switch or firewall.

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Historically operating systems with networking capabilities were described as network operating system, because they allowed personal computers (PCs) to participate in computer networks and shared file and printer access within a local area network (LAN). This description of operating systems is now largely historical, as common operating systems include a network stack to support a client–server model.

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History[edit]

Early microcomputer operating systems such as CP/M, MS-DOS and classic Mac OS were designed for one user on one computer.^{[citation needed]}Packet switching networks were developed to share hardware resources, such as a mainframe computer, a printer or a large and expensive hard disk.^[1] As local area network technology became available, two general approaches to handle sharing of resources on networks arose.^{[citation needed]}

Historically a network operating system was an operating system for a computer which implemented network capabilities. Operating systems with a network stack allowed personal computers to participate in a client-server architecture in which a server enables multiple clients to share resources, such as printers.^[2][3][4] Early examples of client-server operating systems that were shipped with fully integrated network capabilities are Novell NetWare using the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) network protocol and Banyan VINES which used a variant of the Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols.^{[citation needed]}

These limited client/server networks were gradually replaced by Peer-to-peer networks, which used networking capabilities to share resources and files located on a variety of computers of all sizes. A peer-to-peer network sets all connected computers equal; they all share the same abilities to use resources available on the network.^[3] The most popular peer-to-peer networks as of 2020 are Ethernet, Wi-Fi and the Internet protocol suite. Software that allowed users to interact with these networks, despite a lack of networking support in the underlying manufacturer's operating system, was sometimes called a network operating system. Examples of such add-on software include Phil Karn's KA9Q NOS (adding Internet support to CP/M and MS-DOS), PC/TCP Packet Drivers (adding Ethernet and Internet support to MS-DOS), and LANtastic (for MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows and OS/2), and Windows for Workgroups (adding NetBIOS to Windows). Examples of early operating systems with peer-to-peer networking capabilities built-in include MacOS (using AppleTalk and LocalTalk), and the Berkeley Software Distribution.^{[citation needed]}

Today, distributed computing and groupware applications have become the norm. Computer operating systems include a networking stack as a matter of course.^[1] During the 1980s the need to integrate dissimilar computers with network capabilities grew and the number of networked devices grew rapidly. Partly because it allowed for multi-vendor interoperability, and could route packets globally rather than being restricted to a single building, the Internet protocol suite became almost universally adopted in network architectures. Thereafter, computer operating systems and the firmware of network devices tended to support Internet protocols.^[5]

Network device operating systems[edit]

Network operating systems can be embedded in a router or hardware firewall that operates the functions in the network layer (layer 3).^[6] Notable network operating systems include:

Phil Mcstowe

Phil Manos

Proprietary network operating systems[edit]

• Cisco IOS, a family of network operating systems used on most Cisco Systemsrouters and current Cisco network switches. Earlier switches ran the Catalyst Operating System CatOS
• RouterOS by MikroTik.
• ZyNOS, used in network devices made by ZyXEL.

NetBSD, FreeBSD, or Linux based operating systems[edit]

• DD-WRT, Linux kernel based DD-WRT is Linux-based firmware for wireless routers and access points as well as low-cost networking device platforms such as the LinksysWRT54G
• Dell Networking Operating System, DNOS9 is NetBSD based, while OS10 uses the Linux kernel
• Extensible Operating System runs on switches from Arista and uses an unmodified Linux kernel
• ExtremeXOS (EXOS), used in network devices made by Extreme Networks
• FTOS or Force10 Operating System, is the firmware family used on Force10 Ethernet switches
• OpenWrt used to route IP packets on embedded devices
• pfSense, a fork of M0n0wall, uses PF
• SONiC, a Linux-based network operating system developed by Microsoft
• Cumulus Linux distribution, which uses the full TCP/IP stack of Linux
• VyOS, an open source fork of the Vyatta routing package
• ONOS, an open source SDN operating system (hosted by The Linux Foundation) for communications service providers that is designed for scalability, high performance and high availability.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abAnn McHoes & Ida M. Flynn (2012). Understanding Operating Systems (6 ed.). cengage Learning. p. 318. ISBN9781133417569.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
2. ^Dean, Tamara (2009). 'Network Operating Systems', Network+ Guide to Networks, 421(483)
3. ^ ^abWinkelman, Dr. Roy (2009). 'Chapter 6: Software', An Educator's Guide to School Networks, 6.
4. ^Davis, Ziff (2011). 'network operating system', PCmag.comRetrieved 5/7/2011.
5. ^Ann McHoes & Ida M. Flynn (2012). Understanding Operating Systems (6 ed.). cengage Learning. p. 305. ISBN9781133417569.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
6. ^Al-Shawakfa, Emad; Evens, Martha (2001). 'The Dialoguer: An Interactive Bilingual Interface to a Network Operating System.', Expert Systems Vol. 18 Issue 3, p131, 19p, Retrieved 5/7/2011.

External links[edit]